The block above the fault is referred to as the hanging wall (if you're standing on the fault it "hangs" above your head), while the block below the fault is the foot wall (if you're standing on the fault your feet are on it). Visit the Introduction to Physical Geology: Help and Review page to learn more. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fault_(geology)&oldid=982519349#Dip-slip_faults, Articles lacking in-text citations from March 2010, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 October 2020, at 17:21. Reminder: a fault is a rupture in the Earth's crust; a hanging wall is the side that slides downward and has a shape that makes it look like it is reaching, or hanging, out over the side; and a footwall is the other side of this and is usually shaped like a foot. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member.
The terms we use today for normal and reverse faults, including hanging wall and footwall, come from English coal miners. The dip of a reverse fault is relatively steep, greater than 45°. In a reverse fault, the hanging wall displaces upward, while in a normal fault the hanging wall displaces downward.

Normal Fault A fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall, usually happens where tension exists in the crust or it is being pulled apart. You can test out of the Continued dip-slip displacement tends to juxtapose fault rocks characteristic of different crustal levels, with varying degrees of overprinting. - Definition & Example, Plate Tectonics in Geology: Help and Review, Energy Resources in Geology: Help and Review, Renewable & Nonrenewable Resources: Help and Review, Economic Geology & Mineral Resources: Help and Review, Human Impact on the Earth & Environment: Help and Review, Environmental Sustainability in Physical Geology: Help and Review, Environmental Risk Analysis in Physical Geology: Help and Review, Ethics, Politics & the Environment: Help and Review, FTCE Chemistry 6-12 (003): Test Practice & Study Guide, TExES Chemistry 7-12 (240): Practice & Study Guide, ScienceFusion Matter and Energy: Online Textbook Help, AEPA General Science (NT311): Practice & Study Guide, NYSTCE Biology (006): Practice and Study Guide, Ohio Assessments for Educators - Integrated Science (024): Practice & Study Guide, Ohio Assessments for Educators - Chemistry (009): Practice & Study Guide, Holt Science Spectrum - Physical Science with Earth and Space Science: Online Textbook Help, ILTS Science - Biology (105): Practice and Study Guide, GACE Physics (530): Practice & Study Guide, Praxis Middle School Science (5440): Practice & Study Guide, Patient Discharge Process: Discharge Summary, How to Identify Thermal & Radiation Hazards, Clostridium Ramosum: Symptoms & Treatment, Radical Neck Dissection: Definition, Complications & Side Effects, Quiz & Worksheet - The Integration of Fitness & Daily Life, Quiz & Worksheet - Setting & Evaluating Fitness Goals, Quiz & Worksheet - Assessment of Strength & Muscle Endurance, Quiz & Worksheet - Activities for Strength & Muscle Endurance, CPA Subtest III - Financial Accounting & Reporting (FAR): Study Guide & Practice, ANCC Family Nurse Practitioner: Study Guide & Practice, AACN Acute Care Clinical Nurse Specialist - Adult Gerontology (ACCNS-AG): Study Guide & Practice, Selecting & Evaluating Academic Sources for Research Papers, Parts of Speech & Identifying Usage Errors in Sentences, Preparing & Delivering Oral Presentations, Top 50 K-12 School Districts for Teachers in Massachusetts, Education Trends During Coronavirus: Private, Community and Virtual Learning Pods, Pros and Cons for Schools Reopening Amid Coronavirus Concerns, High School Student's Guide for Minimizing & Managing School Stress During COVID-19, Praxis Tests & COVID-19: Online Testing, Scheduling & Implications, Resources for Supplementing an Online Homeschool Curriculum, What is Social Conservatism? But faults can occur within plates as fractures as well. It is between two normal faults. - Definition, Locations & Example, Geological Faults: Definition, Causes & Types, Geological Folds: Definition, Causes & Types, How The Earth is Shaped: Earthquakes, Faults & Tsunamis, Aftershocks & Foreshocks of an Earthquake, Unconformities in Geology: Definition & Types, Transform Fault: Definition & Characteristics, Classification of Metamorphic Rocks: Texture & Parent, What is Deformation? Anyone can earn A fault trace is also the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault. The Humboldt Fault in Kansas is another example of a normal fault. Normal Fault. In this picture of a normal fault, the valley is the hanging wall and the mountain is the footwall. Cut out six 5-inch-wide and 10-inch-long strips of cardboard. The hanging wall slides down the footwall. What Is The Difference Between “It’s” And “Its”? Paint the raw edges of the rock bed to match the rest of the colors. The “normal and reverse” fault thus behaves almost like a hinge, which accommodates the flexure of the subsiding block to fit the basin margins. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. imaginable degree, area of [21], An example of a fault hosting valuable porphyry copper deposits is northern Chile's Domeyko Fault with deposits at Chuquicamata, Collahuasi, El Abra, El Salvador, La Escondida and Potrerillos.

normal fault n. A geologic fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall. Looking straight onto the rock beds, what is the left side of the fault called? The term, 'normal fault' actually comes from coal mining, but more about that later. Looking straight onto the rock beds, what is the right side of the fault called? As these plates are slowly splitting apart and pulling away from each other the normal faults are formed in this way. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. There are three or four primary fault types: Normal fault. All rights reserved. For other uses, see, Fracture or discontinuity in rock across which there has been displacement, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<1025:FZAAPS>2.3.CO;2, "How are reverse faults different than thrust faults? Strike-slip faults with left-lateral motion are also known as sinistral faults, and those with right-lateral motion as dextral faults.
Imagine a fault in the earth. © copyright 2003-2020 Study.com. Think about what would happen if some force, like the movement of the earth's tectonic plates, pulled the earth apart on either side of the fault. We have terminology for the two sides of a fault. Ring faults are result of a series of overlapping normal faults, forming a circular outline. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. - Definition, Types & Process, Bowen's Reaction Series: Crystallization Process & Magmatic Differentiation, Understanding & Interpreting a Geologic Map, Introduction to Environmental Science: Help and Review, Physical Geology Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Human Anatomy & Physiology: Help and Review, CSET Science Subtest I - General Science (215): Practice & Study Guide, DSST Health & Human Development: Study Guide & Test Prep, Middle School Life Science: Help and Review, DSST Environmental Science: Study Guide & Test Prep, UExcel Anatomy & Physiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, CSET Science Subtest II Life Sciences (217): Practice & Study Guide, UExcel Earth Science: Study Guide & Test Prep, Prentice Hall Biology: Online Textbook Help, Middle School Life Science: Homework Help Resource. the Niger Delta Structural Style). relating to or being a people who are the original, earliest known inhabitants of a region, or are their descendants. The red lines show the offset on the right-hand fault. Low-angle normal faults with regional tectonic significance may be designated detachment faults. This effect is particularly clear in the case of detachment faults and major thrust faults. A reverse fault is the opposite of a normal fault—the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall. We'll call the glued cardboard pieces the rock bed from now on. of soil and rock masses in, for example, tunnel, foundation, or slope construction.

Groups of normal faults can produce horst and graben topography, or a series of relatively high- and low-standing fault blocks, as seen in areas where the crust is rifting or being pulled apart by plate tectonic activity. He has taught high school chemistry and physics for 14 years. [11] This terminology comes from mining: when working a tabular ore body, the miner stood with the footwall under his feet and with the hanging wall above him. An upthrown block between two normal faults dipping away from each other is a horst. In what way are they similar?


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