He also authored several books on international affairs and American foreign policy, modestly rehabilitating his public reputation and earning him a role as an elder foreign-policy expert. [118] He soon instituted phased U.S. troop withdrawals,[151] but also authorized incursions into Laos, in part to interrupt the Ho Chi Minh trail, which passed through Laos and Cambodia and was used to supply North Vietnamese forces. His administration generally transferred power from federal control to state control. Keeping true to his New Federalism principles of less government and fiscal responsibility, Nixon insisted that all environmental proposals meet the cost-benefit standards of the Office of Management and Budget. Public opinion polls during the campaign indicated President Nixon had an overwhelming lead. [271] A blood clot resulting from the atrial fibrillation he had suffered for many years had formed in his upper heart, broken off, and traveled to his brain. McGovern was also damaged by his vacillating support for his original running mate, Missouri Senator Thomas Eagleton, dumped from the ticket following revelations that he had received treatment for depression. In Montevideo, Uruguay, Nixon made an impromptu visit to a college campus, where he fielded questions from students on U.S. foreign policy. [207], On May 24, 1972, Nixon approved a five-year cooperative program between NASA and the Soviet space program, culminating in the 1975 joint mission of an American Apollo and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft linking in space. In an area with many Quakers, Frank Nixon opened a grocery store and gas station. [179], Nixon's policies dampened inflation through 1972, although their aftereffects contributed to inflation during his second term and into the Ford administration. [228], The scandal grew to involve a slew of additional allegations against the President, ranging from the improper use of government agencies to accepting gifts in office and his personal finances and taxes; Nixon repeatedly stated his willingness to pay any outstanding taxes due, and later paid $465,000 (equivalent to $2.4 million in 2019) in back taxes in 1974. While Nixon's campaign promise in 1968 was to draw down the size of the U.S. involvement in Vietnam, the bombings of North Vietnam and incursions into Laos and Cambodia created a political firestorm. Tags Alien Bodies aliens Bizarre Conspiracy historical oddities modern mysteries UFO phenomena UFOs unsolved mystery. [116] He selected Maryland Governor Spiro Agnew as his running mate, a choice which Nixon believed would unite the party, appealing both to Northern moderates and to Southerners disaffected with the Democrats. [111], In 1964, he supported Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater for the Republican nomination for U.S. president; when Goldwater won the nomination, Nixon was selected to introduce him at the convention. [118] Throughout the campaign, Nixon portrayed himself as a figure of stability during a period of national unrest and upheaval. Nixon's early life was hard, as he characterized by saying, "We were poor, but the glory of it was we didn't know it." [53] Advocacy by Herter Committee members, including Nixon, led to congressional passage of the Marshall Plan. During his first term, Nixon was assigned to the Select Committee on Foreign Aid and went to Europe to report on the newly enacted Marshall Plan. [256] Nixon visited the White House in 1979, invited by Carter for the state dinner for Chinese Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping. Nixon would be up against five-term liberal Democratic Jerry Voorhis, but he took on the challenge head-on. He established what became known as the Nixon Doctrine (also called "Vietnamization"), replacing American troops with Vietnamese soldiers. [178] In 1970, Congress had granted the President the power to impose wage and price freezes, though the Democratic majorities, knowing Nixon had opposed such controls through his career, did not expect Nixon to actually use the authority. Yet, Nixon agonized over whether to reenter politics and go for another run at the presidency. For his efforts, The Independent Review, a small Southern California newspaper, nicknamed Nixon "Tricky Dick," a derogatory nickname that would remain with him for the rest of this life. [198][199], In addition to desegregating public schools, Nixon implemented the Philadelphia Plan in 1970—the first significant federal affirmative action program. He also wrote a farsighted article for Foreign Affairs magazine entitled "Asia After Vietnam," which enhanced his reputation. The political wife Pat Nixon died at the age of 81. Eventually, White House counsel John Dean gave evidence that the scandal went all the way to the White House, including a Nixon order to conceal wrongdoing. Since the mid-1960s, tensions between China and its main ally, the USSR, had increased, causing a breach in their relationship by 1969. [100][105], Local and national Republican leaders encouraged Nixon to challenge incumbent Pat Brown for Governor of California in the 1962 election. The price controls became unpopular with the public and businesspeople, who saw powerful labor unions as preferable to the price board bureaucracy. [100], There were charges of voter fraud in Texas and Illinois, both states won by Kennedy. He visited Saigon and Hanoi in French Indochina. The House Judiciary Committee, controlled by Democrats, opened impeachment hearings against the president in May 1974. ", "From afar: An indomitable man, an incurable loneliness", "The Fall and Rise of an American President", "Democrats: The long journey to disaster", "The Kennedy–Nixon Presidential Debates, 1960", "The All-Volunteer Army After Twenty Years: Recruiting in the Modern Era", "American President: Richard Milhous Nixon (1913–1994), Foreign Affairs", "Why Richard Nixon Deserves to Be Remembered Along with, "Kennedy Wins 1960 Presidential Election", "Postage rates for periodicals: A narrative history", "New Actions To Prevent Illnesses And Accidents", "Statement on Signing the National Sickle Cell Anemia Control Act", "Sickle Cell Research for Treatment and Cure", "President Nixon's Troublesome Tax Returns", "Tax Day 2011: Why do presidents release tax returns?

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