They have identified important dimensions of personality. Trait theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving. Eysenck argued that the ANS becomes over aroused in neurotics, leading to higher levels of violence (behaviour controlled by the limbic system.) Cattell’s trait theory has been built around the use of factor analysis, a mathematical technique devised by Charles Spearman. Eysenck fought hard against the trend that personality involves biology and the environment. Eysenck's theory of personality was created in 1947. Eysenck's theory is based on physiology and genetics. Each of Eysenck’s factors is a bipolar dimension, which means that each has an opposite. Trait theory is one of the major approaches to the study of human personality. Hans Eysenck… The five factors are openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Eysenck stated that personality differences is someone growing out of their genetic inheritance. Pros and cons of Eysenck's personality theory • Pros Measurement allows empirical investigation Able to assess the heritability or consistency of personality • Cons Sometimes invalid as personality may change No explanation of the reasons Self-report may lead to inaccuracy No consensus in understanding of the items across culture For years, biological theory played a significant role in our view of human development and personality. These include: Extraversion - tendency to be active, sociable, person-oriented, talkative, optimistic, empathetic Using factor analysis to design his theory, Hans Eysenck identified three personality factors: psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism (PEN). Toward the beginning of the 2oth Century, however, views began to change and personality was seen as involving both biology and environment. Hans Eysenck’s PEN model of personality. Hans Eysenck. Hans and Sybil Eysenck developed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) to address the traits described in the model (Eysenck and Eysenck, 1976). Eysenck suggested that psychoticism is the result of an excess of dopaminergic neurons which cause an over-production of dopamine by the nervous system. The Five Factor Model is the most widely accepted trait theory today. This model states that there are 5 core traits which collaborate in order to form a single personality. As a result of a thorough research on Cattell's and Eysenck's personality trait theories, the Big Five theory was formulated. Raymond Cattell’s Trait Theory. Unlike Eysenck, Cattell based his theory on various sources rather than just self reporting. The two initial dimensions of Eysenck’s theory of personality, extraversion and neuroticism, are also common to Robert McCrae and Paul Costa’s Five-Factor Model ( McCrae and Costa, 1987 ). Summarize the similarities and differences among Allport's, Cattell's, and Eysenck's trait theories of personality Key Points Traits are characteristic ways of behaving, such as extraversion–introversion: an individual may fall along any point in the continuum, and where they fall determines how they will respond in various contexts.

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